The First Amendment says that the government cannot create an official religion for our nation or promote a religion more then another. Also, they cannot stop anyone from practicing any religion they choose. It also guarantees our freedom of speech. They cannot stop us from saying what we think or how we feel. The First Amendment also gives us the right to protest things in an organized manner. Lastly, this amendment gives us the ability to communicate to the government about things we don't like.
The Second Amendment gives every state the right to have an organized military. It also gives us the right to bear arms and protect ourselves. Our forefathers were worried about government takeover so this amendment protects our freedom from that.
This amendment says that during a peaceful time, no soldier can occupy your home without the your consent. This amendment may not seem very important in our times but it was a big concern when these amendments were created.
This amendment protects our property and our home. It says that the things we own cannot be seized or searched without a probable cause. So it basically protects us against unreasonable searches or seizures of our possessions.
This amendment protects us from double jeopardy. We cannot be held accountable for the same crime and two different times. It also protects us from having our private property taken without reasonable compensation by the government.
The term "guilty until proven innocent" stems from the sixth amendment. This amendment gives us the right to a fair trial. We cannot be held accountable for a crime unless we're proven guilty by an unbiased judge and/or jury.
The seventh amendment gives us the right to a trial by a jury of our peers in civil suits. This amendment prevents the suit from being decided by a judge and greatly reduces the chances of a corrupt trial.
This amendment protects us from excessive fines and bail for crimes. It also protects us from cruel and unusual punishment. We are lucky to have a right like this. Other countries aren't as lucky.
The ninth amendment is a lot simpler then it sounds. It basically means that just because certain rights aren't mentioned in the constitution or the bill of rights, doesn't mean that you don't have them. For example, it doesn't say that you have the right to go jogging but you still have that right.
This amendment means that certain powers are given to the federal government. Other powers are given specifically to the state government and forbidden to the federal government. It also says that if a power is not specifically given to anyone in the constitution, by default, this power goes to the state or to the people.