| Food | Amount | Substitute |
|---|---|---|
| Baker's Ammonia (Hartshorn) | 1 tsp | 1 tsp baking powder (when using in cookie recipes) |
| Baking Mix | 2 cups | Mix 1 3/4 cups all-purpose flour, 2 1/2 tsp baking powder, 3/4 tsp salt and 1/3 cup shortening |
| Baking Powder | 1 tsp |
1/4 tsp baking soda plus 1/2 tsp cream of tartar OR |
| Biscuit Mix | 2 1/4 cups | 2 cups flour sifted, 1 tbsp baking powder, 1 tsp salt, 1/4 cup shortening |
| Cake Flour | 1 cup | 1 cup minus 2 tbsp all-purpose flour, sifted OR 1 cup all-purpose flour sifted 3 times, then measured to make 1 cup OR 7/8 cup all-purpose flour plus 2 tbsp cornstarch |
| Carob Powder | 1 tbsp | 1 tbsp cocoa powder |
| Chocolate | 1 square unsweetened | 3 tbsp unsweetened baking cocoa plus 1 tbsp butter, vegetable shortening or margarine OR 3 tbsp carob powder plus 2 tbsp water |
| 1 oz semisweet baking or bittersweet | 1 oz unsweetened baking chocolate plus 1 tbsp sugar | |
| 1 cup semisweet chips | 6 oz semisweet baking chocolate, chopped | |
| Cocoa | 1/4 cup or 4 tbsp | 1 oz (square) chocolate (decrease fat called for in recipe by 1/2 tbsp) |
| Coconut | 1 tbsp grated, dry | 1 1/2 tbsp fresh, grated |
| Coconut Cream | 1 cup | 1 cup cream |
| Coconut Milk | 1 cup | 1 cup milk |
| Cornmeal, self-rising | 1 cup | 1 cup plain cornmeal, 1 tsp baking powder, 1/2 tsp salt |
| Cornstarch | 1 tbsp | 2 tbsp all-purpose flour OR 2 tbsp tapioca OR 2 1/2 ttsp arrowroot |
| Corn Syrup | 1 cup light | Mix 1 cup granulated sugar with 1/4 cup liquid used in recipe OR 1 1/4 cups light brown sugar, 1/3 cup liquid OR 1 cup honey |
| 1 cup dark | 1 cup light corn syrup OR 3/4 cup light corn syrup plus 1/4 cup molasses OR 1 cup maple-flavored syrup | |
| Cream of Tartar | 1/2 tsp | 1 1/2 tsp lemon juice or vinegar |
| Flour, all-purpose | 1 tbsp (for thickening) | 1/2 tbsp cornstarch, potato starch, rice starch, or arrowroot starch OR 1 tbsp granular tapioca OR 2 tsp quick-cooking tapioca OR 1/2 tbsp arrowroot OR 1 egg, 2 egg whites, or 2 egg yolks OR 1 tbsp corn flour OR 7/8 cup rice flour OR 2 tbsp browned flour OR 1 1/2 tbsp whole wheat flour OR 1/2 tbsp whole wheat flour plus 1/2 tbsp all-purpose flour |
| Flour, cake | 1 cup sifted | 1 cup minus 2 tbsp all-purpose flour, sifted OR 1 cup all-purpose flour sifted 3 times, then measured to make 1 cup OR 7/8 cup all-purpose flour plus 2 tbsp cornstarch |
| Flour, corn |  |
All-purpose flour |
| Flour, gluten | 13 tbsp | 1 cup all-purpose flour |
| Flour, masa harina | |
Cornmeal |
| Flour, pastry | 1 cup | 7/8 cup all-purpose flour |
| Flour, potato | 1 tbsp | 2 tbsp all-purpose flour OR 1 tbsp cornstarch |
| Flour, rice | 7/8 cup | 1 cup all-purpose flour |
| Flour, rye | 1 1/4 cup | 1 cup all-purpose flour |
| Flour, self-rising | 1 cup | 1 cup all-purpose flour plus 1 1/2 tsp baking powder and 1/2 tsp salt |
| Flour, whole wheat, coarse | 1 cup | 7/8 cup all-purpose flour |
| Flour, whole wheat, fine | |
All-purpose flour |
| Marshmallow | 1 regular | 10 mini marshmallows |
| Marshmallow Creme | 1 jar | Melt 16 ounces of marshmallows and 3 1/2 tbsp corn syrup in a double boiler |
| Marshmallows, miniature | 1 cup | 10 large marshmallows |
| Marzipan | 2 1/2 cups | 2 cups almond paste, 1 cup powdered sugar, 2 tbsp corn syrup |
| Molasses | 1 cup | 1/2 cup honey (flavor will be milder) OR 3/4 cup sugar, 1/4 cup water |
| Onion Soup Mix, dry | 2 tbsp | 1 tbsp instant minced onion, 1 beef bouillon cube |
| Sugar, brown | 1 cup | 1 cup granulated sugar plus 1 tbsp molasses or dark corn syrup |
| Sugar, brown, dark | 1 cup | 1 cup granulated sugar plus 2 tbsp molasses or dark corn syrup |
| Sugar, confectioners' or powdered | 1 cup | 3/4 cup granulated sugar OR 1 cup granulated sugar and 1 tsp of cornstarch finely ground in blender. |
| Sugar, cube | 1 | 1/2 tsp granulated sugar |
| Sugar, granulated | 1 cup | 1 cup light brown sugar (packed) OR 2 cups powdered sugar OR 3/4 cup honey (reduce liquid in recipe by 1/4 cup) OR 1 3/4 cups confectioners' sugar (not for baking) |
| Sugar, superfine | |
Grind granulated white sugar in a blender or food processor |
| Sugar, white | 1 cup | 1 cup Sugar Twin or Sprinkle Sweet |
| 2 tsp | 1 packet Equal | |
| 1 tsp | 10 drops of Sweet 10 | |
| 1/2 cup | 1 tbsp of Sweet 10 | |
| Vanilla Bean | 2-inch piece | 1 tsp pure vanilla extract |
| Yeast, compressed | 1 cake | 1 package or 2 tsp active dry yeast |
| Yeast, regular or quick active dry | 1 pkg (1/4 oz) | 2 1/4 tsp regular or quick active dry OR 1 pkg (.6 oz) compressed cake yeast |